SSL: A Novel Image Hashing Technique Using SIFT Keypoints with Saliency Detection and LBP Feature Extraction against Combinatorial Manipulations

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2019/9795621/figures/9795621.fig.005a.svgz" name="9795621.fig.005a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Double manipulations</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2019/9795621/figures/9795621.fig.005b.svgz" name="9795621.fig.005b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Triple manipulations</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/scn/volume-2019/9795621/figures/9795621.fig.005c.svgz" name="9795621.fig.005c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Quadruple manipulations</td></tr></table>

<div>The distribution of normalized Hamming distance between each pair of visually similar images for multiple combinatorial manipulations.</div>

Security and Communication Networks

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Figure 5

Figure 5: SSL: A Novel Image Hashing Technique Using SIFT Keypoints with Saliency Detection and LBP Feature Extraction against Combinatorial Manipulations 

Figure 5 | SSL: A Novel Image Hashing Technique Using SIFT Keypoints with Saliency Detection and LBP Feature Extraction against Combinatorial Manipulations 