SSL: A Novel Image Hashing Technique Using SIFT Keypoints with Saliency Detection and LBP Feature Extraction against Combinatorial Manipulations

Table 3

of the proposed algorithm and other algorithms under different manipulations when .

Manipulation	R&A SCH; hashing [10]	SIFT-QZMs; hashing [25]	SVD-CSLBP; hashing [36]	GF-LVQ; hashing [37]	RP-NMF; hashing [38]	Proposed; hashing
Brightness adjustment	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.954	1.0	1.0
Contrast adjustment	1.0	1.0	0.996	0.902	0.977	1.0
Gamma correction	0.959	1.0	0.947	0.677	0.905	1.0
Gaussian low-pass filtering	0.991	1.0	1.0	0.981	1.0	0.987
Salt and pepper noise	0.930	0.979	0.993	0.979	0.986	0.996
Multiplicative noise	0.957	0.984	0.985	1.0	0.991	0.995
JPEG compression	0.963	1.0	1.0	0.795	1.0	1.0
Watermark embedding	1.0	1.0	0.986	0.812	0.962	1.0
Scaling	0.872	0.962	1.0	0.834	0.956	0.953
Rotation	0.878	0.835	0.773	0.596	0.843	0.919
Double manipulations	0.83	0.824	0.753	0.71	0.817	0.893
Triple manipulations	0.766	0.795	0.687	0.546	0.78	0.850
Quadruple manipulations	0.657	0.664	0.534	0.328	0.458	0.702