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| Common malware types | Primary characteristics |
|
| Virus | Most common and well-known malware |
| Attaches itself to other programs to replicate |
|
| Worm | Spreads by using computer network |
| Allows unauthorized access |
| Often opens backdoor in the victim system |
|
| Trojan Horse | Appears to be a normal program, but it is not |
| Can open backdoors |
| Can cause unauthorized access |
| Can send critical information to the third party |
|
| Backdoor | Bypasses traditional security mechanisms |
| Opens system to remote access |
| Usually installed by using Trojans and worms |
| Used by viruses and worms for complex attacks |
|
| Rootkit | Provides administrator-level access |
| Hides their files from the operating system |
| Can combine with other malware |
|
| Ransomware | Encrypts the data on infected system |
| Victim needs to pay ransom to view the data |
|
| Spyware | Collects victim’s sensitive information and sends them to third parties |
| Commonly used to access credit card information or to identify user habits |
|
| Obfuscated malware | Can be any type of malware |
| Uses obfuscation techniques to make detection process more difficult |
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