A Secured Frame Selection Based Video Watermarking Technique to Address Quality Loss of Data: Combining Graph Based Transform, Singular Valued Decomposition, and Hyperchaotic Encryption

Table 1

Analysis with related work.

Reference	Main contribution	Gaps
Tabassum [10]	In this research, identical frame extraction technique is proposed with 3-level DWT frame selection done using frame difference method. DWT is applied to higher band coefficients to get robustness against signal processing attacks.	The quality is compromised and watermark embedding technique could be more efficient.
Masoumi [11]	In this research, frame extraction is done by taking motioned part of the video; scene change detection is applied. Color separation of selected frame is done and watermark embedding is done in blue channel. Watermark is considered as pseudorandom numbers; each bit of watermark can be taken as scattered randomly through video frames in order to provide additional security feature.	The proposed algorithm becomes complex by applying a secured, encrypted technique.
Mishra [17]	In this research, DWT-SVD technique is proposed along with optimization firefly algorithm using multiple scaling factors. The optimization adds to high values of quality parameters.	The technique is applied on grey scale images and additional security feature can be added.
Sridhar [18]	In this research, hybrid DWT-SVD is applied on the videos with multiple wavelets. The efficiency of hybrid technique is always better than DWT.	The efficiency of frame selection algorithm is compromised.
Rajpal [29]	In this research, fuzzy frame selection scheme with bidirectional extreme learning machine is done. Fuzzy rules are based on luminance, edge, and texture sensitivity. Fuzzy frame selection is based on scene change detection; weighting factor is based on these 3 parameters.	Security is compromised using transposition cipher.