The Applications of Blockchain in Artificial Intelligence

Table 2

Comparison of consensus algorithms.

Characteristics	PoW	PoS	DPoS	PBFT	Raft
Crash fault tolerance (%)	50	50	50	33	50
Byzantine fault tolerance (%)	50	50	50	33	NA
Verification speed (s)	>100	<100	<100	<10	<10
Scalability	High	High	High	Low	Low
Throughput	Very low	Low	Low	Average	Very high
Consistency	Probabilistic	Probabilistic	Probabilistic	High	High
Energy consumption	Very high	Low	Low	Low	Low