The Applications of Blockchain in Artificial Intelligence

Table 7

Decentralized intelligence.

Ref.	Use case	Technologies	Contributions
[62]	Distributed ML	Blockchain	Propose a blockchain-based decentralized security learning model LearningChain
[63]	Multiparty learning	Blockchain	Propose BEMA, a novel blockchain-based secure multiparty learning system and design “off-chain sample mining” and “on-chain mining” schemes
[64]	Deep learning	Blockchain	Propose a secure and decentralized privacy-preserving deep learning framework based on blockchain, which encourages participants to engage in training
	Federated learning	Consensus
[65]	IoT	Blockchain	Propose a knowledge market of IoT based on edge-AI, which uses knowledge blockchain for knowledge management and trading
		Smart contract
		Consensus
[66]	IoT	Blockchain	Propose a collective Q-learning combined with blockchain and deep Q-learning, which is used to allocate computing network resources to users
		Transaction
[67]	Federated learning	Blockchain	Propose FLchain to enhance the security of federated learning and implemented on fabric
		Fabric channel
[68]	Federated learning	Blockchain	Propose to utilize consortium blockchain to manage workers’ reputation in a decentralized manner
		Incentive mechanism
[69]	Collaborative AI	Blockchain	Propose a framework in which everyone may openly view the model’s forecast and input data to enhance the model and utilize smart contracts to host a continuously updated model
		Smart contract
[70]	Machine learning	Blockchain	Propose to use blockchain technology and smart contract to create an automatic anonymous machine learning model trading market
		Smart contract