Research Article
Enhancing Digital Certificate Usability in Long Lifespan IoT Devices by Utilizing Private CA
Table 5
Comparison between the proposed architecture and the traditional approaches.
| Factors | A1 | A2 | Proposed architecture |
| Issue cost | High | High | Low | External factors risk | High | High | None | Attack surfaces (number of CAs that can be targeted) | High | High | Low | Risk of failure during certificate update | High | High | Low | Risk of firmware being tampered | High | Low | Low | Management cost (operate, labor cost) | Low | Low | High | CA reliability | High | High | Relatively low | Internal factor risk (insider threats) | Low | Low | Relatively high | Verification time | Slow | Slow | Fast |
|
|