A Polar Complex Exponential Transform-Based Zero-Watermarking for Multiple Medical Images with High Discrimination

Table 4

Resistance comparison against JPEG compression (BER).

Attack type	Proposed scheme			Scheme [19]	Scheme [20]	Scheme [24]
	1 image each group	3 images each group	5 images each group
JPEG compression (QF = 30)	0.0127	0.0122	0.0143	0.0095	0.0070	0.0156
JPEG compression (QF = 50)	0.0079	0.0074	0.0085	0.0062	0.0046	0.0103
JPEG compression (QF = 75)	0.0036	0.0031	0.0037	0.0036	0.0024	0.0058