Improved ECC-Based Three-Factor Multiserver Authentication Scheme

Table 3

Security comparison.

Attack methods	Ali and Pal’s scheme [34]	Wang et al.’s scheme [36]	Our scheme
User anonymity	√	×	√
Offline password attacks	√	√	√
Stolen smart card attacks	√	√	√
Known session-specific temporary information attack	× [36]	×	√
User impersonation attack	× [36]	×	√
Server impersonation attack	× [36]	×	√
Replay attacks	√	√	√
Perfect forward secrecy	× [36]	√	√
Three-factor secrecy	× [36]	√	√

Note. √, able to overcome the attack, and ×, unable to overcome the attack.