Color Zero-Watermarking Algorithm for Medical Images Based on BEMD-Schur Decomposition and Color Visual Cryptography

Table 10

Comparison of the robustness (BER) between the proposed scheme and schemes [24–28].

Attack type	Scheme [24]	Scheme [25]	Scheme [26]	Scheme [27]	Scheme [28]	Proposed scheme
Gaussian noise 0.01	0.0024	0.0346	0.0068	0.0021	0.0323	0.0088
Gaussian noise 0.02	---	---	0.0088	---	0.0601	0.0107
Salt and pepper noise 0.01	0.0022	0.0190	0.0039	0.0025	0.0067	0.0020
Salt and pepper noise 0.02	---	0.0276	0.0049	---	0.0093	0.0039
Median filtering (3 × 3)	0.0048	0.0055	0.0068	0.0098	0.0075	0.0039
Median filtering (5 × 5)	0.0075	0.0194	---	0.0088	0.0079	0.0039
JPEG compression (QF = 30)	0.0000	0.0143	0.0098	0.0068	0.0193	0.0146
JPEG compression (QF = 50)	0.0019	0.0085	0.0049	0.0049	0.0102	0.0107
Rotation 5°	0.0000	0.0034	0.0059	0.0055	0.0036	0.0025
Rotation 15°	0.0000	0.0055	0.0049	---	0.0098	0.0045
Scaling 0.75	0.0030	0.0038	0.0049	0.0088	0.0089	0.0029
Scaling 1.5	0.0018	0.0029	0.0020	0.0039	0.0043	0.0014

--- means no item.