Wasserstein Metric-Based Location Spoofing Attack Detection in WiFi Positioning Systems

Figure 3

Positioning results of Google Maps on Android before and during the spoofing attack. (a) The real position is in the Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China. (b) The positioning result is hijacked to Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, which is about 800 km away from the real geolocation.

(a)

(b)