Research Article
Wasserstein Metric-Based Location Spoofing Attack Detection in WiFi Positioning Systems
Table 1
Mobile applications vulnerable to the WiFi location spoofing attacks.
| | Application type | Name | Functions vulnerable to the WiFi location spoofing attacks | | Positioning | Online ordering | Message pushing | Sharing location |
| | Map and navigation | Google Maps | ✓ | — | — | — | | MapQuest | ✓ | — | — | — | | Baidu Map | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| | Location review and online ordering | Foursquare | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | | Groupon | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | | Yelp | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | | Trip Advisor | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — |
| | Social media | Twitter | ✓ | — | ✓ | ✓ | | TikTok | ✓ | — | ✓ | — | | Sina Weibo | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | | WeChat | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
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