Security and Communication Networks

Research Article

Identifying Key Relationships between Nation-State Cyberattacks and Geopolitical and Economic Factors: A Model

Table 9

Motivation per attacking country and victim.


Attacker country	Victim country	Final variable/s	Adjusted R²

CHN	IND	PositiveValue, NegativeValue, HDI_C1, HDI_C2, GDP_PC_C1, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C2, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.79
CHN	USA	PositiveValue, NegativeValue, HDI_C1, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C1, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C2, MilitaryExpenditure_C1	0.44

IND	CHN	NegativeValue, HDI_C1, HDI_C2, GDP_PC_C1	0.41
IND	USA	PositiveValue, NegativeValue, HDI_C2, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C1, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C2, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.84

IRN	USA	PositiveValue, NegativeValue, HDI_C2, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C1, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C2, MilitaryExpenditure_C1	0.99

PRK	USA	PositiveValue, ExportsImports_C2	0.43

RUS	USA	PositiveValue, HDI_C1, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C1, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C2, MilitaryExpenditure_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.86

USA	CHN	PositiveValue, HDI_C1, GDP_PC_C1, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.72
	IND	NegativeValue, HDI_C1, HDI_C2, GDP_PC_C1, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C2, MilitaryExpenditure_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.83
	IRN	PositiveValue, NegativeValue, HDI_C1, GDP_PC_C2, ExportsImports_C1, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.76
	RUS	NegativeValue, HDI_C2, GDP_PC_C1, ExportsImports_C1, ExportsImports_C2, ForeignDirectInvestmentNetInflows_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C1, MilitaryExpenditure_C2	0.66