Research Article
[Retracted] HGKM: An Efficient Hybrid Group Key Management for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles MBN in Wireless Network Environment
Table 4
The communication cost of leave operation to HGKM, LKH, and OFT.
| Group key management algorithm | Communication cost |
| HGKM | Situation (i) one member leaves any member unit | 2 | Situation (ii) one leader contestant leaves the group | 2 | Situation (iii) one leader leaves this group and any leadership contestant is prepared to be the new leader | 3 | Situation (iv) one leader leaves a group, also no leadership contestant is available | 3 | LKH | H | OFT | H |
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the tallest of that group key tree, which matches , wherever n extends in the whole group. |