A Blockchain-Based User Authentication Scheme with Access Control for Telehealth Systems

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left"> </td><td class="align_center">Description</td><td class="align_center">Alibaba cloud</td><td class="align_center">Google nexus</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 17.7604ptpx;"><svg height="14.3032pt" id="M757" style="vertical-align:-5.34108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 17.7604 14.3032" width="17.7604pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M722 297H451L442 267C561 257 561 253 547 182L531 98C521 44 465 24 390 24C228 24 130 134 130 296C130 482 252 628 465 628C592 628 657 579 656 458L692 461C695 540 699 605 702 631C664 642 590 667 492 667C203 667 24 502 24 285C24 93 170 -17 368 -17C464 -17 543 11 617 28C613 43 612 68 620 106L635 182C649 255 652 258 716 268L722 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,13.437,5.233)"><path d="M468 334C468 395 443 454 381 454C332 454 246 412 156 307H154L244 675C248 693 247 708 239 708C218 708 157 682 67 673V640H94C147 640 150 638 139 593L39 173C25 112 32 51 47 33C67 9 103 -12 142 -12C187 -12 235 3 307 45C399 99 468 221 468 334ZM377 323C377 209 325 90 256 53C237 43 216 39 201 39C149 39 109 63 127 170C131 195 135 215 141 237C214 329 307 393 341 393C358 393 377 373 377 323Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Bilinear pairing</td><td class="align_center">5.275</td><td class="align_center">48.66</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 19.9526ptpx;"><svg height="14.3032pt" id="M758" style="vertical-align:-5.34108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 19.9526 14.3032" width="19.9526pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M722 297H451L442 267C561 257 561 253 547 182L531 98C521 44 465 24 390 24C228 24 130 134 130 296C130 482 252 628 465 628C592 628 657 579 656 458L692 461C695 540 699 605 702 631C664 642 590 667 492 667C203 667 24 502 24 285C24 93 170 -17 368 -17C464 -17 543 11 617 28C613 43 612 68 620 106L635 182C649 255 652 258 716 268L722 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,13.437,5.233)"><path d="M798 93L780 124C747 88 714 75 706 75C699 75 699 79 706 108L752 301C786 442 748 454 723 454C697 454 685 448 656 433C617 413 538 363 464 262H462L471 298C504 429 469 454 440 454C409 454 394 449 368 435C319 408 245 343 179 257H177L197 341C214 413 214 454 181 454C153 454 90 421 25 344L43 314C57 332 106 375 118 375C127 375 129 374 121 336C97 225 67 111 32 -6L42 -12C66 -5 95 2 122 6L160 166C192 225 325 384 381 384C403 384 405 375 390 295C371 194 348 91 323 -6L327 -12C347 -6 379 3 407 6C417 61 432 125 445 170C479 232 607 384 659 384C679 384 690 370 677 322L616 88C600 26 608 -12 640 -12C667 -12 736 23 798 93Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Scalar multiplication</td><td class="align_center">1.97</td><td class="align_center">19.919</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 12.4956ptpx;"><svg height="12.2532pt" id="M759" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 12.4956 12.2532" width="12.4956pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M490 97L476 124C442 96 405 70 398 70C392 70 390 78 396 114C419 243 448 379 463 432L457 436C446 436 431 439 418 442C393 447 368 451 343 451C281 451 204 418 155 381C74 320 24 206 24 107C24 23 59 -12 88 -12C118 -12 155 5 191 34C236 70 290 122 328 177H330L312 84C296 0 311 -12 331 -12C355 -12 425 24 490 97ZM374 387C371 367 360 299 347 264C323 202 187 53 142 53C128 53 113 73 113 120C113 224 157 332 221 380C241 395 274 403 303 403C330 403 360 395 374 387Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Point multiplication</td><td class="align_center">0.012</td><td class="align_center">0.118</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 12.6143ptpx;"><svg height="12.2532pt" id="M760" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 12.6143 12.2532" width="12.6143pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M509 90L493 118C465 91 427 70 418 70S409 77 415 103L469 327C494 429 466 451 436 451C412 451 387 444 356 427C307 400 222 342 160 264H158L246 667C253 701 252 710 243 710C228 710 169 680 87 673L83 644H117C155 644 160 640 149 588L24 -4L32 -12C57 -4 86 4 108 9L143 187C198 275 324 386 375 386C394 386 399 367 385 311L331 87C315 22 322 -12 351 -12C387 -12 452 24 509 90Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Hash function</td><td class="align_center">0.009</td><td class="align_center">0.089</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 11.6553ptpx;"><svg height="12.2532pt" id="M761" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 11.6553 12.2532" width="11.6553pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M398 365C398 411 356 451 297 451C250 451 198 430 151 397C65 336 24 230 24 139C24 14 97 -12 148 -12C198 -12 284 7 373 104L355 130C306 84 246 53 198 53C132 53 111 109 111 163V189C209 211 398 261 398 365ZM317 351C317 308 273 262 117 225C134 338 189 383 221 399C230 404 249 407 263 407C295 407 317 389 317 351Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">Modular exponentiation</td><td class="align_center">0.339</td><td class="align_center">3.328</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="4"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Running time of basic operation.</div>

Security and Communication Networks

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: A Blockchain-Based User Authentication Scheme with Access Control for Telehealth Systems 