[Retracted] Blockchain-Based Data Audit Mechanism for Integrity over Big Data Environments

Table 1

Scheme comparison.

Plan	Participants	Auditor	Multiple copies	Deterministic verification	Public verification	Heterogeneous multiple data	Data dynamic modification	Verification of history retrieval	Multiparty verification
Literature [10]	SP	TPA	NO	NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	NO
Literature [11]	SP	TPA	NO	NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	NO
Literature [12]	SP	DO	YES	NO	NO	NO	YES	NO	NO
Literature [14]	SP	Dynamic TPA	NO	NO	YES	NO	NO	YES	YES
Literature [18]	DU	Smart contract	NO	YES	NO	NO	NO	NO	YES
Literature [19]	SP	DO/SP/TPA	NO	NO	NO	NO	YES	NO	NO
Literature [20]	SP	Smart contract	NO	NO	YES	NO	YES	NO	NO
Proposed work	Multiple DUs	Smart contract	YES	YES	YES	YES	NO	YES	YES