A Homomorphic Signcryption-Based Privacy Preserving Federated Learning Framework for IoTs

<div>Comparison of time cost for VFL, CRT-Paillier, and our framework. (a) Encryption cost of a client, (b) decryption of a client, (c) total cost of a client, and (d) Aggregation cost of the server.</div>

Security and Communication Networks

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Figure 3

Figure 3: A Homomorphic Signcryption-Based Privacy Preserving Federated Learning Framework for IoTs 