A Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs with Exculpability

Table 4

The execution time of cryptography operations, which is the average of 1000 times for every operation. The hardware platform is on the windows 10 operating system, and its CPU is Intel (R) Core (TM) i7-5500u with 8 gigabytes of memory.

Cryptography operations	Execution time (milliseconds)
	11.1991
	3.5039
	11.6208
	0.0295
	0.1202
	0.0010
	0.0011
	0.0017