SAIFC: A Secure Authentication Scheme for IOV Based on Fog-Cloud Federation

Table 2

Used notations in this paper.

Notations	Description
Vdi	Vehicle
Idi	Identity of Vdi
Pwi	Password of Vdi
CS	Cloud server
R	RSU (fog node)
F	Fog
Idcs	Identity of CS
IdR	Identity of R
XR	The secret key of R is based on ECC
	Finite field group
	Prime number of the order >2^160
r1, r2	Random numbers generated for ECC
rs	Random number generated by R
	Generator point of a large order n
Ck	Cookie information
Et	Cookie expiration time
h(·)	HF
⊕	XOR
||	Concatenation
∆T	Expiration time
TV	Timestamp Vdi
TR	Timestamp R
TF	Timestamp fog