Evaluation of Sleep Patterns and Self-Reported Academic Performance among Medical Students at the University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry

Table 2

Sleep patterns and frequency of occurrence.

Variable	Frequency (Percentage)
	Never	< Weekly	Nightly	1-2 nights/week	3-4 nights/week
Cause of Nocturnal waking
Nightmares	130 (85%)	18 (11.8%)	0 (0%)	3(2.0%)	2(1.3%)
Noise	71 (46.4%)	43 (28.1%)	4 (2.6%)	27 (17.6%)	8 (5.2%)
To use washroom	43 (28.1%)	39 (25.5%)	11 (7.2%)	42 (27.5%)	18 (11.8%)
Frequency of Nocturnal Wakening
	58 (37.9%)	38 (24.8%)	18 (11.8%)	21 (13.7%)	18 (11.8%)
Types of Parasomnias
Nightmares	130 (85%)	18 (11.8%)	0 (0%)	3 (2%)	2 (1.3%)
Sleep-talking	138 (90.2%)	12 (7.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.7%)	2 (1.3%)
Sleep-walking	145 (94.8%)	8(5.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
	Never	<Daily	Daily	1-2days/week	3-4days/week
Morning tiredness	25 (16.3%)	56 (36.6%)	9 (5.9%)	34 (22.2%)	29 (19.0%)
DST during lectures	33 (21.6%)	45 (29.4%)	15 (9.8%)	42 (27.5%)	18 (11.8%)
DST during free time	33 (21.6%)	47 (30.7%)	16 (10.5%)	36 (23.5%)	21 (13.7%)
Day time naps	23 (15.0%)	41 (26.8%)	24 (15.7%)	35 (22.9%)	30 (19.6%)

DST: Day time Sleepiness