Association between Poor Quality of Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome in Ghanaian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Comparison of sleep indices among participants with or without metabolic syndrome.

	MetS absent (n =42)	MetS present (n =298)	p
Subjective sleep quality	1.83 ± 1.22	1.4 ± 1.38	0.03
Sleep latency	1.56 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.5	0.616
Sleep duration	1.15 ± 0.99	1.19 ± 0.99	0.801
Habitual sleep efficiency	0.89 ± 0.16	1.28 ± 0.34	<0.001
Sleep disturbance	1 ± 0.06	1 ± 0.01	0.999
Sleep medication	1.4 ± 1.38	1.82 ± 1.22	0.034
Daytime dysfunction	0.57 ± 0.49	0.6 ± 0.5	0.707
Global PSQI score	5.32 ± 1.23	8.1 ± 2	<0.001

PSQI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index.