Dynamically Dimensioned Search Embedded with Piecewise Opposition-Based Learning for Global Optimization

Table 5

Summary of sign test results on six state-of-the-art algorithms.

DDS-POBL	PSO	POHS	CMA-ES	CoDE	EEGWO	MHDA	INMDA	NaFA
Wins (+)	7	4	9	8	2	7	1	6
Approximates ()	0	NaN	0	0	5	0	5	1
Loses (_)	2	NaN	0	1	2	2	3	2
Detected differences		NaN			–		–	–

Note. The symbol “NaN” in this paper indicates the vacancy value, which cannot be calculated since the corresponding value in the reference is missing.