An Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach Using Adaptive Elitist Differential Evolution and Spherical Quadratic Steepest Descent and Its Application for Clustering

Table 1

The benchmark functions and their characteristics.

No	N	Name	Formulation
1	2	Branin
2	2	Bohachevsky 1
3	2	Booth
4	30	Rastrigin
5	30	Schwefel
6	2	Michalewicz 2
7	5	Michalewicz 5
8	10	Michalewicz 10
9	2	Schaffer
10	2	Six hump camel back
11	2	Bohachevsky 2
12	2	Bohachevsky 3
13	2	Shubert
14	2	GoldStein-Price
15	4	Kowalik
16	4	Shekel 5
17	4	Shekel 7
18	4	Shekel 7
19	4	Perm
20	4	PowerSum
21	3	Hartman 3
22	6	Hartman 6
23	30	Griewank
24	30	Ackley
25	30	Penalized
26	30	Penalized 2
27	2	Langerman 2
28	5	Langerman 5
29	10	Langerman 10
30	2	Fletcher Powell 2
31	5	Fletcher Powell 5
32	5	Fletcher Powell 5