A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 10

Comparison of statistical results of the pressure vessel design problem.

Method	Worst	Mean	Best	Std	FEs
CGA [33]	6308.497000	6293.843200	6288.744500	7.413300	900,000
DGA [34]	6469.322000	6177.253300	6059.946300	130.929700	80,000
CPSO [35]	6363.804100	6147.133200	6061.077700	86.450000	240,000
HPSO [36]	6288.677000	6099.932300	6059.714300	86.200000	81,000
CDE [37]	6371.045500	6085.230300	6059.734000	43.013000	204,800
CSA [32]	7332.841621	6342.499106	6059.714363	384.945416	250,000
WOA	8564.987629	7124.412382	6093.211997	715.900580	99,940
WOA-DE	44828.494260	8946.493319	6059.708057	7565.793120	30,240
WOA-BSA	12956.012602	7114.983582	6059.708025	1679.555214	30,140