A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 14

Comparison of statistical results of the gear train design problem.

Method	Worst	Mean	Best	Std	FEs
ABC [39]	N.A	3.6e − 10	2.7e − 12	5.52E − 10	60
MBA [31]	2.1e − 08	2.5e − 09	2.7e − 12	3.94e − 09	1120
CSA [32]	3.2e − 08	2.06e − 09	2.7e − 12	5.1e − 09	100,000
WOA	2.73E − 08	3.26E − 09	2.7E − 12	5.97E − 09	6800
WOA-DE	4.47E − 08	4.80E − 09	2.7E − 12	9.51E − 09	940
WOA-BSA	3.98E − 08	4.03E − 09	2.7E − 12	7.40E − 09	1900