A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 3

Description of fixed-dimension multimodal benchmark functions.

Function	D	Range
	2	[−65, 65]	1
	4	[−5, 5]	0.00030
	2	[−5, 5]	−1.0316
	2	[−5, 5]	0.398
	2	[−2, 2]	3
	3	[1, 3]	−3.86
	6	[0, 1]	−3.32
	4	[0, 10]	−10.1232
	4	[0, 10]	−10.4028
	4	[0, 10]	−10.5363