A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 7

Comparison of best solutions of the three-bar truss design problem.

Method	DEDS [27]	HEAA [28]	PSO-DE [29]	DELC [30]	MBA [31]	CSA [32]	WOA	WOA-DE	WOA-BSA
	0.788675	0.788680	0.788675	0.788675	0.788565	0.788675	0.786042	0.788686	0.788674
	0.408248	0.408234	0.408248	0.408248	0.408560	0.408248	0.415745	0.408215	0.408250
	1.77E − 08	N.A	−5.29E − 11	N.A	−5.29E − 11	−1.69E − 14	9.88E − 07	1.00E − 06	1.00E − 06
	−1.464102	N.A	−1.463748	N.A	−1.463748	−1.464102	−1.455608	−1.464139	−1.464099
	−0.535898	N.A	−0.536252	N.A	−0.536252	−0.535898	−0.544390	−0.535860	−0.535900
f (X)	263.895843	263.895843	263.895843	263.895843	263.895852	263.895843	263.900852	263.895711	263.895711