A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 8

Comparison of statistical results of the three-bar truss design problem.

Method	Worst	Mean	Best	Std	FEs
DEDS [27]	263.895849	263.895843	263.895843	9.7e − 07	15,000
HEAA [28]	263.896099	263.895865	263.895843	4.9e − 05	15,000
PSO-DE [29]	263.895843	263.895843	263.895843	4.5e − 10	17,600
DELC [30]	263.895843	263.895843	263.895843	4.3e − 14	10,000
MBA [31]	263.915983	263.897996	263.895852	3.93e − 03	13,280
CSA [32]	263.895843	263.895843	263.895843	1.01e − 10	25,000
WOA	266.116794	264.248699	263.900852	0.604342	20,000
WOA-DE	263.936409	263.897097	263.895711	0.007425	19,920
WOA-BSA	264.011056	263.912284	263.895711	0.028964	15,200