A Hybrid Algorithm Framework with Learning and Complementary Fusion Features for Whale Optimization Algorithm

Table 9

Comparison of best solutions of the pressure vessel design problem.

Method	CGA [33]	DGA [34]	CPSO [35]	HPSO [36]	CDE [37]	CSA [32]	WOA	WOA-DE	WOA-BSA
	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500	0.812500
	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500	0.437500
	40.323900	42.097400	42.091300	42.098400	42.098411	42.098445	41.825682	42.098497	42.098497
	200.000000	176.654000	176.746500	176.636600	176.637690	176.636599	180.046141	176.635957	176.635954
	−3.42e − 02	−2.01e − 03	−1.37e − 06	−8.80e − 07	−6.67e − 07	−4.02e − 09	−0.005264	9.95E − 07	1.00E − 06
	−5.28e − 02	−3.58e − 02	−3.59e − 04	−3.58e − 02	−3.58e − 02	−0.035880	−0.038483	−0.035880	−0.035880
	−304.402000	−24.759300	−118.768700	3.122600	−3.705123	−7.12e − 04	−0.000719	1.00E − 06	1.00E − 06
	−400.000000	−63.346000	−63.253500	−63.363400	−63.362310	−63.363401	−59.953859	−63.364043	−63.364046
f (X)	6288.744500	6059.946300	6061.077700	6059.714300	6059.734000	6059.714363	6093.211997	6059.708057	6059.708025