Research Article
Cervical Cancer Diagnosis Model Using Extreme Gradient Boosting and Bioinspired Firefly Optimization
Table 1
Statistical description of the data set.
| | Feature type | Feature name | Hinselmann | Schiller | Cytology | Biopsy | | Mean (µ) ± Std (σ) | Mean (µ) ± Std (σ) | Mean (µ) ± Std (σ) | Mean (µ) ± Std (σ) | | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative |
| | Demographic | Age | 26.7 ± 7.7 | 26.8 ± 8.5 | 29.6 ± 11 | 26.6 ± 8.2 | 26.2 ± 8.4 | 26.9 ± 8.5 | 28.6 ± 8.9 | 26.7 ± 8.5 | | Smokes | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | | Smokes (years) | 2.5 ± 7.2 | 1.1 ± 3.9 | 2.4 ± 6.2 | 1.1 ± 3.8 | 1.1 ± 3.4 | 1.2 ± 4.1 | 2.2 ± 6.2 | 1.1 ± 3.9 | | Smokes (packs/year) | 0.7 ± 2.6 | 0.4 ± 2.2 | 0.6 ± 1.9 | 0.4 ± 2.2 | 0.5 ± 2.3 | 0.4 ± 2.2 | 0.7 ± 2.3 | 0.4 ± 2.2 | | Number of sexual partners | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | | First sexual intercourse (age) | 16.8 ± 2.0 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | 17 ± 2.5 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | 16.9 ± 2.9 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | 17.1 ± 2.6 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | | Number of pregnancies | 2.4 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.3 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | | Hormonal contraceptives | 0.7 ± 4.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 |
| | Habit | Hormonal contraceptives (years) | 2.9 ± 4.8 | 1.9 ± 3.5 | 3.2 ± 5.2 | 1.9 ± 3.4 | 3.3 ± 6.4 | 1.9 ± 3.4 | 3.3 ± 5.4 | 1.9 ± 3.4 | | IUD | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | | IUD (years) | 0.6 ± 1.5 | 0.4 ± 1.8 | 0.9 ± 2.9 | 0.4 ± 1.7 | 0.5 ± 1.7 | 0.4 ± 1.8 | 0.7 ± 2.0 | 0.4 ± 1.8 | | STDs | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | | STDs (number) | 0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | | STDs: condylomatosis | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.2 | | STDs: cervical condylomatosis | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | | STDs: vaginal condylomatosis | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 |
| | History | STDs: vulvo-perineal condylomatosis | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0 ± 0.1 | | STDs: syphilis | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | | STDs: pelvic inflammatory disease | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | | STDs: genital herpes | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | | STDs: molluscum contagiosum | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | | STDs: AIDS | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | | STDs: HIV | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | | STDs: Hepatitis B | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | | STDs: HPV | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | | Genomics | Dx: CIN | 0 ± 0 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0 ± 0.1 | | Dx: HPV | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | | Dx | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | | Dx: cancer | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0 ± 0.1 |
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