An Empirical Assessment and Validation of Redundancy Metrics Using Defect Density as Reliability Indicator

Table 2

Sum up of redundancy metrics.

Metric	Purpose	Equation	Metric hypothesis
ISR	Measures the redundancy (excess bits) of the program’ initial state		The proposed redundancy metrics can be exploited to monitor software reliability
FSR	Measures the redundancy (excess bits) of the program’ final state
FR	Measures redundancy of the program functionality
NI	Mapping between initial states to the same final ones