An Empirical Assessment and Validation of Redundancy Metrics Using Defect Density as Reliability Indicator

Table 5

Description of the five selected mutators.

Mutators	Description
Mut 1: Conditionals Boundary	Replaces the relational operators <, ≤, >, and ≥
Mut 2: Negate conditionals	Mutates all conditionals found (< by ≥, ≥ by <, etc.)
Mut 3: Return values	Mutates the return values of method calls (true by false, false by true, 0 by 1, and x by x + 1)
Mut 4: Inverts negatives	Inverts negation of integer and floating-point numbers
Mut 5: Math	Replaces binary arithmetic operations for either integer or floating-point arithmetic with another operation (+ by -, - by +, by /, etc.).