Treatment and Outcome for Children with Esophageal Atresia from a Gender Perspective

Table 2

Concomitant malformations of the included girls and boys with esophageal atresia. Values are presented as number and percentage of patients, n (%). Genital malformations were not included.

	Girls (n = 20)	Boys (n = 20)	p value
V (vertebral malformation)	5 (25)	2 (10)	0.41
A (anal malformation)	2 (10)	2 (10)	1
C (cardiac malformation)	2 (10)	2 (10)	1
T (tracheoesophageal fistula)	20 (100)	20 (100)	1
E (esophageal atresia)	20 (100)	20 (100)	1
R (renal malformation)	1 (5)	1 (5)	1
L (limb malformation)	1 (5)	1 (5)	1
Duodenal malformation	1 (5)	2 (10)	1
Spinal cord malformation	1 (5)	0 (0)	1
Cleft lip and palate malformation	1 (5)	0 (0)	1
Congenital cardiac shunts	18 (90)	18 (90)	1

Fisher’s exact test; cardiac malformations were here defined as malformations with hemodynamic influence. Three out of the four children were operated on, and a cardiac surgery was planned for the fourth patient.