Efficacy and Outcomes of Intrathecal Analgesia as Part of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway in Colon and Rectal Surgical Patients

Table 2

Comparison of various intrathecal regimens.

	IA-O ()	IA-L ()	value
Surgical approach, (%)			0.15
Open	329 (60)	27 (50)	—
MIS	218 (40)	27 (50)	—
Incidence of ileus, (%)	86 (16)	9 (17)	0.86
Length of stay (days), median (IQR)	3 (2–5)	3.5 (3–5)	0.29
Pain score, median (IQR)
4 hours	3 (1–5)	3 (2–5)	0.52
8 hours	2 (1–4)	2.5 (2–4)	0.16
16 hours	3 (1–5)	4 (2–7)	0.10
24 hours	3 (2–5)	4 (2–6)	0.32
48 hours	3 (2–5)	4 (2–5)	0.12
48-hour maximum	6 (4–7)	7 (5–8)	0.045
Total OME received, median (IQR)	22.5 (0–82.5)	33.8 (15–98)	0.06
Number of patients receiving no OME, (%)	162 (30)	8 (15)	0.03

IA: intrathecal opioid; IA-L: intrathecal opioid + local anesthetic; MIS: minimally invasive surgery; IQR: interquartile range.