Review Article
Pediatric Stroke: Clinical Findings and Radiological Approach
Table 2
Risk factors and causes of CSVT.
| | (1) General |
| | (a) Dehydration | | (b) Infection | | (c) Fever | | (d) Hypoxic-ischemic injury | | (e) Post lumbar puncture |
| | (2) Head and neck infections |
| | (a) Otitis media and mastoiditis | | (b) Meningitis | | (c) Sinusitis | | (d) Upper respiratory tract infection |
| | (3) Other head and neck disorders |
| | (a) Head injury | | (b) Post intracranial surgery | | (c) Hydrocephalus (±ventriculoperitoneal shunt) |
| | (4) Anemia |
| | (a) Iron deficiency | | (b) Sickle cell disease | | (c) Thalassemia | | (d) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | | (e) Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria |
| | (5) Autoimmune disorders |
| | (a) Behçet disease | | (b) Systemic lupus erythematosus | | (c) Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome | | (d) Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease) | | (e) Thyrotoxicosis | | (f) Cushing syndrome | | (g) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| | (6) Malignancy |
| | (a) Leukemia | | (b) Lymphoma | | (c) Central nervous system tumors |
| | (7) Cardiac disease |
| | (a) Cyanotic congenital heart disease | | (b) Post-operative | | (c) Postcatheterization |
| | (8) Renal disease |
| | (a) Nephrotic syndrome | | (b) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome |
| | (9) Drugs |
| | (a) L-Asparaginase | | (b) Oral contraceptives | | (c) Corticosteroids | | (d) Epoetin-α |
| | (10) Chromosomal disorders |
| | (a) Down syndrome |
| | (11) Metabolic conditions |
| | (a) Diabetic ketoacidosis | | (b) Homocystinuria |
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