Cardioembolic but Not Other Stroke Subtypes Predict Mortality Independent of Stroke Severity at Presentation

Table 1

Summary of patient characteristics by TOAST classification.

	Large vessel (𝑁=97)	Cardioembolic (𝑁=144)	Small vessel (𝑁=75)	Other (𝑁=19)	Multiple causes (𝑁=37)	No cause identified (𝑁=63)	Insufficient info (𝑁=65)
Male gender	67 (69.1%)	66 (45.8%)	39 (52%)	10 (52.6%)	21 (56.8%)	32 (50.8%)	26 (40%)
Age
Mean (SD)	70.7 (12.22)	78.4 (11.81)	72.6 (13.50)	50.7 (19.71)	73.8 (9.90)	66.6 (16.78)	82.3 (8.32)
Range	39–91	41–101	44–94	18–82	39–90	25–89	59–98
NIHSS
Mean (SD)	7.0 (6.40)	10.1 (9.06)	3.8 (2.71)	5.7 (5.77)	8.1 (8.92)	6.3 (7.14)	13.4 (11.26)
Median	4.0	7.0	3.0	5.0	4.0	4.0	9.5
𝑄1, 𝑄3	3.0, 10.0	3.0, 15.0	2.0, 5.0	1.0, 8.0	2.0, 8.0	1.0, 8.0	4.0, 20.0
Prior MI	14 (14.4%)	16 (11.1%)	11 (14.7%)	1 (5.3%)	13 (35.1%)	8 (12.7%)	9 (13.8%)
CHF	7 (7.2%)	46 (31.9%)	6 (8%)	0 (0%)	12 (32.4%)	2 (3.2%)	10 (15.4%)
Coronary artery disease	25 (25.8%)	40 (27.8%)	19 (25.3%)	3 (15.8%)	18 (48.6%)	13 (20.6%)	16 (24.6%)
Atrial fibrillation	8 (8.2%)	89 (61.8%)	3 (4%)	2 (10.5%)	15 (40.5%)	3 (4.8%)	6 (9.2%)
Prior stroke	22 (22.7%)	35 (24.3%)	13 (17.3%)	2 (10.5%)	11 (29.7%)	15 (23.8%)	19 (29.2%)
Prior TIA	19 (19.6%)	20 (13.9%)	14 (18.7%)	0 (0%)	8 (21.6%)	9 (14.3%)	12 (18.5%)
HTN	75 (77.3%)	110 (76.4%)	61 (81.3%)	8 (42.1%)	32 (86.5%)	48 (76.2%)	51 (78.5%)
Hyperlipidemia	58 (59.8%)	56 (38.9%)	43 (57.3%)	3 (15.8%)	18 (48.6%)	31 (49.2%)	23 (35.4%)
Diabetes	28 (%)	35 (%)	30 (%)	2 (%)	9 (%)	18 (%)	13 (%)
Smoker
Never	32 (33%)	79 (54.9%)	44 (58.7%)	10 (52.6%)	20 (54.1%)	23 (36.5%)	30 (46.2%)
Active	24 (24.7%)	14 (9.7%)	13 (17.3%)	4 (21.1%)	2 (5.4%)	16 (25.4%)	6 (9.2%)
Former	40 (41.2%)	44 (30.6%)	17 (22.7%)	5 (26.3%)	12 (32.4%)	23 (36.5%)	25 (38.5%)