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First author, year [ref.] | Number of patients | Sedated or awake (+ antishivering drugs) | Method of cooling | Time to treatment (h)1 | tPA2 | Target temperature (°C) + place of measurement | Duration of cooling | Rewarming rate | Outcome |
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Schwab et al., 1998 [69] | 25 | Sedated with fentanyl and propofol | Cooling blanket, cold infusion, cold washing | 4–24 Mean 14 | − | 33 Bladder | 48–72 h | Passive rewarming in 24 h | SSS4 and BI5 (4 weeks and 3 months) |
Kammersgaard et al. 2001, [70] | 17 | Awake (pethidine) | Cooling blanket, cold air | <12 Mean 3 | − | 35.5 Tympanic and rectal | 6 h | In 4 h to 36.5°C | SSS4 (6 months) |
Schwab et al., 2001 [71] | 50 | Sedated with midazolam or propofol and morphine or fentanyl | Cooling blanket, alcohol, ice bags | 4–75 Mean 22 | − | 33 Bladder | 24–72 h | Passive rewarming in 11–24 h | NIHSS6 (4 weeks) mRS7 (3 months) BI5 (3 months) |
Georgiadis et al., 2001 [72] | 6 | Sedated with midazolam andfentanyl | Endovascular cooling | 12–58 Mean 28 | − | 33 Bladder | 48–72 h | 1°C/8 h Max 0.2°C/h | NA3 |
Krieger et al., 2001 [56] | 10 | Sedated with propofol | Cooling blanket, ice water | Mean 6 | + | 32 Bladder | 12–72 h | 0.21°C/h | mRS7 (3 months) |
De Georgia et al., 2004 [73] | 18 | Awake (meperidine and buspirone) | Endovascular cooling, warming blanket | <12 Mean 9 | − | 33 Esophageal | 24 h | 0.2°C/h | NIHSS6 and mRS7 (30 +7 days) |
Guluma et al., 2006 [22] | 10 | Awake (meperidine and buspirone) | Endovascular cooling, warming blanket | <6 | + | 33 Blood | 24 h | 0.3°C/h 12 h | NA3 |
Kollmar et al., 2009 [74] | 10 | Awake (pethidine and buspirone) | Ice-cold saline, warming blanket | <3 Mean 2 | + | 35.5 Tympanic | NA3 | NA3 | NIHSS6 (1 day and at discharge (± 4.5 days)) |
Hemmen et al., 2010 [75] | 58 | Awake (meperidine and buspirone) | Endovascular cooling, warming blanket | 0–3 3–6 | + | 33 Blood | 24 h | 0.3°C/h 12 h | NIHSS6 (1, 30 and 90 days) mRS7 (90 days) |
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