The Importance of Psychological and Social Factors in Influencing the Uptake and Maintenance of Physical Activity after Stroke: A Structured Review of the Empirical Literature

Table 4

Summary of included studies.

Study (first author)	Year	Country of study	Study type	Participants; (time since stroke)	Ethnicity	Reports data pertinent to
						psychological factors	social factors
Kinne	1999	USA	Survey	Not reported	91% Caucasian; 3% African American; 3% Asian American; 1% Hispanic	√	—
Johnston	1999	UK	Survey	10 days–6 months	Not reported	√	—
Cardinal	2004	USA	Survey	Not reported	91.9% Caucasian	√	—
Shaughnessy	2006	USA	Survey	60.2 months	70% Caucasian; 22% African American; 7% other	√	√
Nosek	2006	USA	Survey	Not reported	80.8% Caucasian; 9.6% African American; 6.0% Hispanic	√	√
Resnick	2007	USA	Survey	Not reported	57% Caucasian	√	—
Barker	2007	Australia	Survey	4.9 years	98% nonindigenous; 2% indigenous	√	—
Rimmer	2008	USA	Survey	Not reported	9% Caucasian; 80% African American; 10% Hispanic	√	√
Galvin	2009	Ireland	Survey	Not reported	Not reported	—	√
Boysen	2009	Denmark/Poland/; China/Estonia	RCT	<90 days	Not reported	—	√
Maher	1999	USA	Qualitative	Not reported	Not reported	√	√
Barker	2005	Australia	Qualitative	Mean 4.9 yrs	Not reported	√	√
Damush	2007	USA	Qualitative	<12 months	85% African American,; 15% white	√	√
Wiles	2008	UK	Qualitative	Not reported	Not reported	√	√
Resnick	2008	USA	Qualitative	6 months+	47% black,; 48% white,; 5% mixed, Hispanic or Asian-Pacific	√	√
Graham	2008	Canada/N. Ireland	Qualitative	Not reported	Not reported	√	√
Reed	2009	UK	Qualitative	15–40 months	Not reported	√	√
Carin-Levy	2009	UK	Qualitative	Not reported	Not reported	√	√
Galvin	2009	Ireland	Qualitative	Not reported	Not reported	—	√
Patterson	2009	Australia	Qualitative	Not reported	Not reported	√	√