Trends in the Management of Intracranial Vascular Malformations in the USA from 2000 to 2007

Table 2

Risk of Death and Unfavorable Outcome*.

	Death			Unfavorable Outcome
	OR	95%-CI	P	OR	95%-CI	P
Age	1.02	(1.02–1.03)	<0.001	1.04	(1.04-1.04)	<0.001
Elective admission	0.65	(0.47–0.90)	0.010	0.82	(0.75–0.90)	<0.001
Women	1.16	(0.93–1.45)	0.191	1.11	(1.03–1.20)	0.005
Length of stay	0.96	(0.95–0.97)	<0.001	1.08	(1.07–1.08)	<0.001
Number of procedures	1.13	(1.07–1.19)	<0.001	1.06	(1.03–1.08)	<0.001
White race	1.07	(0.84–1.37)	0.585	0.99	(0.90–1.07)	0.738
ICrH, any type	2.93	(2.27–3.80)	<0.001	2.06	(1.85–2.30)	<0.001
Seizure	1.33	(1.05–1.68)	0.020	1.59	(1.46–1.72)	<0.001
Headache	0.25	(0.10–0.59)	0.002	0.70	(0.60–0.81)	<0.001
ICA aneurysm, unruptured	1.91	(1.08–3.40)	0.027	1.38	(1.09–1.74)	0.007
Acute cerebral ischemia	0.98	(0.65–1.49)	0.942	1.55	(1.36–1.76)	<0.001
Cerebral angiography	0.27	(0.20–0.37)	<0.001	0.62	(0.56–0.69)	<0.001
Embolization	1.54	(1.00–2.35)	0.049	0.90	(0.77–1.04)	0.163
Surgery	1.04	(0.74–1.46)	0.834	1.38	(1.21–1.58)	<0.001
Radiosurgery	0.00	—	0.994	0.50	(0.31–0.81)	0.005
Aneurysm clipping	0.47	(0.18–1.20)	0.115	0.44	(0.31–0.62)	<0.001
Ventilation	20.26	(15.01–27.34)	<0.001	2.77	(2.37–3.25)	<0.001
Hospital bed size	1.13	(1.00–1.29)	0.057	1.07	(1.02–1.12)	0.002
Hospital location/teaching	0.94	(0.81–1.09)	0.397	1.07	(1.01–1.12)	0.016

*Goodness of fit model summary: Death (Nagelkerke 𝑅²=0.342), Unfavorable Outcome (Nagelkerke 𝑅²=0.281).
Abbreviations: 95%-CI: 95% Confidence Interval, ICrH: intracranial hemorrhage, ICA: internal carotid artery.