Review Article
Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Poststroke Dysphagia: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of participants. Data are number (%), median [interquartile range], or mean (standard deviation).
| | Trial | All | PES | No PES | Trial 1 [9] | Trial 2 [9] | Trial 3 [10] |
| | Participants () | 73 | 37 | 36 | 10 | 28 | 35 | | Age (years, mean, SD) | 72.0 (11.8) | 71.3 (13.4) | 72.8 (9.9) | 73.3 (11.9) | 74.9 (9.7) | 69.4 (12.9) | | Sex (male, %) | 45 (61.6) | 24 (64.9) | 21 (58.3) | 5 (50.0) | 19 (67.9) | 21 (60.0) | | mRS (/6) | 3.0 (1.7) | 3.1 (1.7) | 2.9 (1.7) | 0.1 (0.4) | NR | 3.6 (1.0) | | Stroke syndrome (%) [12] | | | | | | | | TACS | 34 (46.6) | 19 (51.4) | 15 (41.7) | 3 (30.0) | 10 (35.7) | 21 (60.0) | | PACS | 33 (45.2) | 16 (43.2) | 17 (47.2) | 5 (50.0) | 16 (57.1) | 12 (34.3) | | LACS | 4 (5.5) | 2 (5.4) | 2 (5.6) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (2.9) | | POCS | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (2.9) | | Type (%) | | | | | | | | Ischaemic | 69 (94.5) | 35 (94.6) | 34 (94.4) | 10 (100) | 26 (92.9) | 33 (94.3) | | ICH | 4 (5.5) | 2 (5.4) | 2 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.1) | 2 (5.7) | | Severity, NIHSS (/42) | 10.6 (5.8) | 10.2 (5.9) | 10.9 (5.8) | 5.4 (4.2) | 9.7 (4.1) | 12.7 (6.4) | | Side of lesion (%) | | | | | | | | Normal | 12 (32.4) | 7 (38.9) | 5 (26.3) | 5 (50.0) | — | 7 (25.9) | | Left | 6 (16.2) | 3 (16.7) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (10.0) | — | 5 (18.5) | | Right | 15 (40.5) | 6 (33.3) | 9 (47.4) | 4 (40.0) | — | 11 (40.7) | | Bilateral | 4 (10.8) | 2 (11.2) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | — | 4 (14.8) | | Feeding, enteral (%) | 36 (49.3) | 18 (48.6) | 18 (50.0) | 2 (20.0) | 11 (39.3) | 23 (65.7) | | DSRS (/12) | 6.7 (4.3) | 7.1 (4.2) | 6.3 (4.4) | — | 6.0 (4.8) | 7.3 (3.8) | | Median [IQR] | 6.0 [9.0] | 8.0 [8.0] | 5.5 [9.0] | — | 5.5 [10.5] | 7.0 [8.0] | | (%) | 17 (27.0) | 9 (27.3) | 8 (26.7) | — | 7 (25.0) | 10 (28.6) | | Weight (kg) | 76.9 (23.6) | 75.2 (24.8) | 78.5 (22.9) | 78.0 (24.8) | — | 76.7 (23.8) | | PAS (/8) | 4.3 (1.8) | 4.6 (2.0) | 3.9 (1.6) | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.3 (1.9) | 4.2 (2.2) | | Mean of first 3 | 4.3 (2.2) | 4.7 (2.5) | 3.9 (1.8) | 4.9 (1.8) | 4.1 (2.1) | 4.3 (2.5) | | Number of boli >3 | 3.2 (2.1) | 3.6 (2.2) | 2.7 (2.0) | 3.5 (1.5) | 3.4 (2.3) | 2.6 (2.1) | | Any bolus >3 (%) | 51 (85.0) | 28 (87.5) | 23 (82.1) | 9 (90.0) | 23 (82.1) | 19 (86.4) | | Worst [median, IQR] | 7.0 [3.0] | 7.5 [3.0] | 6.0 [3.5] | 8.0 [3.0] | 7.0 [3.0] | 6.0 [3.0] | | Cumulative [/48] | 25.0 [14.5] | 28.1 [17.0] | 23.5 [11.0] | 27.0 [5.0] | 26.1 [16.0] | 20.5 [] | | TAR (days) | 15.1 (8.5) | 14.8 (8.5) | 15.5 (8.7) | 13.2 (7.3) | 15.0 (7.7) | 15.8 (9.6) | | Electrical current (mA) | | | | | | | | Sensitivity | 11.4 (5.6) | 10.4 (5.3) | 12.8 (5.8) | 7.9 (3.2) | 10.3 (4.4) | 12.9 (6.4) | | Treatment | 16.8 (6.6) | 15.5 (5.7) | 18.4 (7.2) | 12.3 (4.3) | 15.3 (5.2) | 18.6 (7.3) |
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DSRS: dysphagia severity rating scale; ICH: intracerebral haemorrhage; LACS: lacunar syndrome; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NR: not recorded; PACS: partial anterior circulation syndrome; PAS: penetration aspiration score; POCS; posterior circulation syndrome; SD: standard deviation; TACS: total anterior circulation syndrome; TAR: time admission-randomisation.
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