Improving Upper Extremity Function and Quality of Life with a Tongue Driven Exoskeleton: A Pilot Study Quantifying Stroke Rehabilitation
Table 2
Clinical Outcome Measures.
Outcome measures
Baseline (SD)
Postintervention (SD)
Mean difference from baseline (%)
95% CI
p value
RMSE
17.40 (3.89)
8.20 (2.06)
9.20 (52.87)
2.87 to 11.36
WMFT
Total
5.29 (3.14)
5.13 (2.63)
−0.161 (3.02)
−1.72 to 1.39
0.801
Tasks incomplete in 120 s
5.71 (5.71)
5.43 (6.13)
0.28 (5.03)
−0.59 to 1.17
0.457
UE-Fugl-Meyer
25.67 (14.88)
31.17 (18.35)
5.5 (21.43)†
−0.00329 to 11.00
Range of motion
Active
16.33 (22.36)
25.5 (27.58)
9.17 (56.15)
−1.99 to 20.32
0.088
Passive
53.50 (18.72)
69.83 (17.89)
16.33 (30.52)
1.81 to 30.85
Stroke Impact Scale
Hand
30.00 (27.02)
36.67 (24.01)
6.67 (22.23)
−31.12 to 44.46
0.669
ADL
65.00 (29.37)
70.42 (28.13)
5.42 (8.34)
−8.99 to 19.83
0.378
Mobility
70.83 (35.08)
73.61 (31.17)
2.78 (3.92)
−4.82 to 10.38
0.39
Participants
43.23 (20.77)
47.40 (16.34)
4.16 (9.65)
−9.23 to 17.55
0.46
Strength
45.83 (26.42)
57.29 (20.70)
11.46 (25)†
1.80 to 21.11
Physical
57.89 (27.23)
63.54 (25.35)
5.65 (9.76)
−4.17 to 15.48
0.199
Abbreviations. RMSE: root mean squared error; WMFT: Wolf Motor Function Test; ;†achieved the previously validated MCID; linear regression models exploring preliminary dose-response relationship between RMSE and daily sine wave practice time for all participants.
