Stroke Research and Treatment / 2017 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
To Use or Not to Use Metformin in Cerebral Ischemia: A Review of the Application of Metformin in Stroke Rodents Table 1 Different cellular pathways studied on cultured neurons using metformin in vitro/in vivo model.
Biomodel Culture Effects Postulated mechanism Doses Ref Rat Culture of primary neurons of day 17 Antiapoptotic Pore opening inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition 100 μ g for 24 hours [25 ] Mice Immunostaining hippocampal sections Neurogenesis Metformin activates the aPKC-CBP pathway in neurons and induces neurogenesis of human neurons in culture. In adult mice, it induces neurogenesis in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Spatial learning tests improved in mice Daily injected metformin (200 mg/kg) and BrdU for 3 days, and then only metformin for 9 days [70 ] Rat Culture of cortical neurons from embryos obtained on gestation day 17,5 Antiapoptotic Decreases neuronal death, inhibits apoptosis activation, maintains the mitochondrial gradient, inhibits cytochrome c release, and regulates internal calcium homeostasis Culture at a high concentration of ethanol and groups received metformin (100 mM) and/or thymoquinone [68 ] Rat Primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells Maintained integrity of BBB Decreases sodium pass and maintains transmembrane electric gradient Metformin dissolved 1 mM [61 ]