Enhanced Upper Extremity Functions with a Single Session of Action-Observation-Execution and Accelerated Skill Acquisition Program in Subacute Stroke

Table 4

Result of within group analysis on nonparametric data.

Variables	Control group					Experimental group
	Pre	Post 1	Post 2	Post 3	p-value	Pre	Post 1	Post 2	Post 3	p-value
Wolf motor function test-functional ability (scores)
Total	19.5; (13.5, 23.0)	21.5; (13.75, 23.0)	19.5; (15.0, 25.0)	20.5; (17.5, 23.75)	0.29	18.5; (13.0, 20.5)	18.0 ^a; (12.75, 23.75)	24.5 ^b, c; (18.75, 26.5)	24.5 ^d. e, f; (18.25, 28.25)	< 0.001
Lift can	3.5; (2.75, 4.0)	4.0; (2.75, 4.25)	3.5; (2.75, 4.25)	3.5; (2.75, 4.0)	0.76	3.5; (3.0, 4.25)	3.5; (3.0, 4.25)	4.0; (4.0, 5.0)	5.0; (3.75, 5.0)	0.01
Lift pencil	3.0; (2.75, 4.0)	3.0; (2.75, 4.25)	3.5; (2.75, 4.25)	3.5; (3.0, 4.25)	0.53	3.5; (2.0, 4.0)	3.0; (2.0, 4.25)	4.5 ^b; (4.0, 5.0)	5.0 ^d, e; (3.25, 5.0)	0.009
Lift paper clip	4.0; (2.0, 4.25)	4.0; (2.75, 4.25)	4.0; (3.0, 4.25)	4.0; (3.0, 4.25)	0.81	3.0; (3.0, 4.0)	3.5; (3.0, 4.25)	4.0 ^b; (4.0, 4.25)	4.00; (3.0, 5.0)	0.01
Stack checkers	2.5; (2.0, 4.0)	4.0; (2.0, 4.0)	2.0; (2.0, 4.0)	3.5; (2.0, 4.0)	0.25	3.0; (1.75, 3.25)	2.5; (1.75, 3.25)	3.5; (2.75, 4.25)	3.5; (2.5, 5.0)	0.007
Flip cards	2.5; (2.0, 4.0)	3.5; (2.0, 4.0)	3.5; (2.0, 4.0)	3.5; (2.75, 4.25)	0.64	3.0; (2.75, 3.25)	3.0; (2.0, 4.0)	3.5; (2.75, 4.0)	3.5; (3.0, 4.0)	0.16
Turn key in lock	3.0; (2.0, 3.25)	2.5; (2.0, 3.0)	3.0; (2.75, 4.0)	3.5; (2.75, 4.0)	0.05	1.5; (1.0, 2.25)	2.0; (1.0, 4.0)	4.0; (1.75, 4.25)	4.0 ^d, e; (2.75, 5.0)	< 0.001
SIS- total hand function score	8.5; (5.75, 14.25)	11.5; (6, 18.25)	12.5; (7.5, 17.25)	12.5; (11.5, 18)	0.12	10.5; (8.25, 15.5)	14 ^a; (10, 20.75)	17.5 ^c; (12, 24)	18.5 ^d, e; 14, 20.5)	0.001
SRMS- intrinsic motivation score	19.0; (16.5, 25.25)	25.0 ^b; (20.75, 30.0)	30.0; (25.5, 30.0)	25.0; (22.25, 27.0)	0.001	21.5; (15.25, 25.5)	27.0; (24.75, 27.25)	28.5 ^b; (25.25, 29.0)	28.5 ^d, e; (24.75, 30.0)	0.001
ASAP- self-efficacy score	6.5; (1.75, 9.25)	10.0; (8.75, 10.0)	10.0; (9.75, 10.0)	9.0 ^d; (8.0, 10.0)	0.009	7.0; (5.0, 8.0)	9.0 ^a; (9.0, 10.0)	9.5 ^b; (9.0, 10.0)	10.0 ^d; (9.75, 10.0)	< 0.001

SIS: stroke impact scale, SRMS: stroke rehabilitation motivation scale, ASAP: accelerated skill acquisition program. The data in the table were analyzed using Friedman’s two-way ANOVA. The pair showed significant difference if the difference of mean rank ≥ critical difference (3.17) which was calculated using an equation; √ [k (k+1)/6n] [52], k: number of comparisons, n: total sample, α: 0.05, a: post 1–pre, b: post 2–pre, c: post 2–post 1, d: post 3–pre, e: post 3–post 1, f: post 3–post 2, p < 0.05, p < 0.001. Values in the table are given as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated.