Prevalence of Stroke and Associated Risk Factors in Sleman District of Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia
Table 1
Descriptive statistics of study samples stratified by case.
Characteristics
All (n=4884)
Stroke (n=69)
Non-stroke (n=4815)
P value
Age (years), mean (SD)
49.91 (±14.16)
63.10 (± 11.54)
49.72 (±14.11)
<0.001
Gender
Male, n (%)
1754 (35.91%)
25 (36.23%#)
1729 (35.9%#)
0.956
Female, n (%)
3130 (64.09%)
44 (63.77%#)
3086 (64.1%#)
Self-reported history of hypertension, n (%)
897 (18.37%)
51 (73.91%#)
846 (17.57%)
<0.001
Self-reported history of diabetes mellitus, n (%)
242 (4.95%)
16 (23.19%#)
226 (4.69%#)
<0.001
Self-reported history of cardiovascular diseases, n (%)
62 (1.27%)
4 (5.9%#)
58 (1.2%#)
0.001
Past and/or current use of hormonal contraceptives†, n (%)
766 (24.47%)
1 (1.4%#)
765 (15.89%#)
0.001
Oral, n (%)
180 (5.75%)
0 (0%#)
180 (3.7%#)
Injectable, n (%)
557 (17.79%)
1 (1.45%#)
556 (11.55%#)
Implant, n (%)
59 (1.88%)
0 (0%#)
59 (1.2%#)
High-risk dietary pattern
High-salt diet, mean intake per day (SD)
0.95 (± 1.13)
0.86 (± 1.08)
0.95 (± 1.13)
0.290
High-calorie diet, mean intake per day (SD)
1.57 (± 1.22)
1.65 (± 1.53)
1.57 (± 1.22)
0.900
High-fat diet, mean intake per day (SD)
1.13 (± 1.01)
1.17 (± 1.00)
1.13 (± 1.00)
0.778
Processed foods, mean intake per day (SD)
0.07 (± 0.26)
0.03 (± 0.13)
0.06 (± 0.26)
<0.001
Salted fish, mean intake per day (SD)
0.11 (± 0.26)
0.13 (±0.37)
0.11 (± 0.26)
0.008
Instant noodles, mean intake per day (SD)
0.17 (± 0.28)
0.11 (± 0.17)
0.17 (± 0.29)
0.004
p value <0.05 is considered significant. †Data were collected from and calculated among females subjects only. #Percentage was calculated as proportion of stroke or non-stroke sample having the risk factors.
