Clinical Profile and Predictors of Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage from a Tertiary Care Centre in South India

Table 1

Demographic, etiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with outcome and mortality. GCS—glasgow coma Score, ICH—intracerebral hemorrhage, IVE—intraventricular haemorrhage, EVD—external ventricular drain.

		Alive (619)	Dead (266)		Good outcome (412)	Poor outcome (207)
Demographics
Age (years)	58.10 ± 12.76	56.65 ± 12.33	61.64 ± 13.17	<0.001	56 ± 12.25	57.94 ± 12.42	0.06
Sex
Male	638 (70.5%)	435 (69.5%)	191 (30.5%)	0.687	284 (65.3%)	151 (34.7%)	0.351
Female	267 (29.5%)	184 (71%)	75 (29%)		128 (69.6%)	56 (30.4%)
Etiology
Hypertension	523 (57.7%)	350 (68.2%)	163 (31.8%)	0.207	226 (64.6%)	124 (35.4%)	0.264
Irregular treatment	190 (21%)	124 (66.3%)	63 (33.7%)	0.346	86 (69.4%)	38 (30.6%)	0.111
Duration	5.23 ± 4.64	5.16 ± 4.89	5.58 ± 4.18	0.479	4.87 ± 5.3	5.7 ± 3.8	0.251
Diabetics	245 (27.1%)	170 (71.7%)	67 (28.3%)	0.508	113 (66.5%)	57 (33.5%)	1
Duration	7.18 ± 4.69	6.76 ± 4.17	7.92 ± 5.,84	0.308	6.24 ± 4.05	7.50 ± 4.32	0.202
Smoking	134 (16.9%)	87 (66.4%)	44 (33.6%)	0.122	47 (54%)	40 (46%)	0.001
Alcohol	276 (30.5%)	193 (71.2%)	78 (28.8%)	0.803	119 (61.7%)	74 (38.3%)	0.068
Previous stroke	84 (9.3%)	51 (62.2%)	31 (37.8%)	0.128	31 (60.8%)	20 (39.2%)	0.355
On antiplatelets	83 (9.2%)	46 (56.8%)	35 (43.2%)	0.007	30 (65.2%)	16 (34.8%)	0.871
Clinical features
Heart rate (bpm)	82.19 ± 16.44	80.36 ± 15.34	86.21 ± 17.91	<0.001	80.03 ± 15.55	81.02 ± 14.93	0.449
Systolic BP (mmHg)	175.09 ± 59.08	172.77 ± 67.82	180.41 ± 32.71	0.08	172.94 ± 80.95	172.42 ± 26.94	0.928
Diastolic BP(mmHg)	99.49 ± 14.02	98.81 ± 13.44	101.07 ± 15.44	0.029	98.20 ± 13.6	100.01 ± 13.08	0.115
GCS (median)	12 (8–14)			<0.001
GCS <8	233 (25.7%)	77 (33.5%)	153 (66.5%)	<0.001	27 (35.1%)	50 (64.9%)	<0.001
ICH score (median)	1 (1-2)	1 (0–2)	3 (2-3)	<0.001	1 (0-1)	2 (1-2)	<0.001
Blood glucose (mg/dl)	162.49 ± 69.05	152.81 ± 61.76	185.58 ± 78.01	<0.001	147.25 ± 57.47	164.06 ± 68.42	0.001
Imaging data
Volume (ml)	21.86 ± 19.20	17.55 ± 15.59	32.45 ± 24.39	<0.001	13.96 ± 10.93	24.72 ± 17.96	<0.001
Side
Right	417 (46.1%)	301 (72.9%)	112 (27.1%)	0.001	203 (67.4%)	98 (32.6%)	0.531
Left	430 (47.5%)	289 (69.5%)	127 (30.5%)		190 (65.7%)	99 (34.3%)
Midline (cerebellar, brain stem and IVH)	50 (5.5%)	28 (58.3%)	20 (41.7%)		19 (67.9%)	9 (32.1%)
Bilateral	8 (0.9%)	1 (12.5%)	7 (87.5%)		0 (0%)	1 (100%)
Supratentorial hemorrhage
Volume	23.45 ± 19.79	43.3 ± 13.89	52.7 ± 21.10	<0.001	40.23 ± 10.31	44.97 ± 15.30	0.021
Volume >30 ml	234 (25.85%)	108 (46.4%)	125 (53.6%)		38 (35.2%)	70 (64.8%)
Infratentorial hemorrhage
Volume	10.27 ± 6.49	9.07 ± 6.77	12.11 ± 5.72	0.492	8.82 ± 5.95	9.78 ± 8.96	0.038
IVE	425 (47%)	241 (57.8%)	176 (42.2%)	<0.001	137 (56.8%)	104 (43.2%)	<0.001
Hydrocephalus	236 (26.1%)	111 (48.3%)	119 (51.7%)	<0.001	66 (59.5%)	45 (40.5%)	0.095
Hematoma Growth	46 (5.08%)	24 (52.2%)	22 (47.8%)	0.007	12 (50%)	12 (50%)	0.121
Surgery
EVD	56 (6.2%)	23 (41.8%)	32 (58.2%)	<0.001	13 (56.5%)	10 (43.5%)	0.367
Clot evacuation	147 (16.8%)	106 (72.1%)	41 (27.9%)	0.621	36 (34%)	70 (66%)	<0.001