Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Women: Subgroup Analysis of the VENOST Study

Table 3

Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of subgroups according to reproductive health-related risks.

Compared data of reproductive health-related risk factors	Pregnancy		Puerperium		Oral contraceptive use
	, 23%		, 44%		, 33%
Age
Years	^a		^a		^b		<0.001
Mode of onset
Acute	51^a	70	85^a	62	59^a	56
Subacute	14^a	19	42^a	31	26^b	25	<0.030
Chronic	8^a,b	11	10^b	7	20^a	19
Clinical symptoms and signs
Isolated headache	16	22	24	17	26	24	0.361
Headache	69	93	117	82	96	89	0.062
Nausea and vomiting	22	30	43	30	42	39	0.283
Epileptic seizures	18a	24	63b	44	29a	27	0.002
Visual field defect	17	23	28	20	21	19	0.817
Focal neurological	11	15	41	29	29	27	0.068
Deficit	16	22	34	24	17	16	0.277
Altered consciousness	6	8	8	6	10	9	0.537
Cranial nerve palsies
Radiological workup
Cranial MRI	4	6	12	9	7	7	0.975
Cranial MRV	3	4	6	4	3	3
Cranial MRI+MRV	65	89	122	86	97	90
Cranial CT+MRV	1	1	2	1	1	1
Number of sinuses involved
1 sinus	35	47	68	48	40	37	0.490
2 sinuses	26	35	51	36	49	45
More than 2 sinuses	13	18	23	16	19	18
Involved sinuses
Isolated transverse	21	28	34	24	23	21	0.547
Sinuses	11	15	20	14	13	12	0.838
Isolated sagittal	2	3	3	2	2	1	0.926
Sinuses	1	1	9	6	1	1	0.051
Isolated sigmoid	0	0	1	1	0	0	0.526
Sinuses	0	0	0	0	0	0	—
Isolated cortical veins	57	77	99	70	87	81	0.132
Isolated jugular sinus	30	41	53	37	44	41	0.830
Isolated cavernous	25	34	60	42	49	45	0.284
Sinuses	13	18	17	12	17	16	0.490
Transverse sinuses	2	3	11	8	3	3	0.120
Sigmoid sinuses	0	0	2	1	1	1	0.798
Sagittal sinuses
Internal jugular vein
Cortical veins
Cavernous sinuses
Parenchymal involvement
No lesion	48^a	65	63^b	44	53^b	49	0.002
Infarction	12^a	16	37^a	26	17^a	16
Hemorrhagic	12^a	16	40^a	28	28^a	26
Infarction	2^a	3	2^a	1	10^b	9
Intracerebral
Hemorrhage

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MRV: magnetic resonance venography; CT: computed tomography.