Review Article
The Modifiable Risk Factors of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
| First author (year) | Type of study | Period of research | Total subject | Total cases | Risk of factor | OR/RR | CI(95%) | Impact |
| Chen et al. (2018) [14] | Cohort | NE | 301 | 166 | Medication nonadherence | 2.854 | 1.357-6.005 | Uncontrolled BP | Vilaubi et al. (2018) | Cohort | January 2004-May 2005 | 438 | 269 | Guideline nonadherence | 1.66 | 1.02-2.68 |
| Sarfo et al. (2016) [25] | Retrospective observational study | January 2012-June 2014 | 580 | 178 | Stage of hypertension | 1.31 | 1.17-1.47 | Uncontrolled BP | Use of antihypertension | 1.3 | 1.06-1.60 |
| Nidhinandana et al. (2014) [26] | Retrospective observational study | February 2010-January 2011 | 558 | 349 | Diabetes mellitus | 0.18 | 0.11-0.29 | Uncontrolled BP | Stage 1 of HT | 0.3 | 0.15-0.59 | Stage 2 of HT | 0.24 | 0.12-0.29 | Use of antihypertension | 0.53 | 0.33-0.85 |
| Dave et al. (2013) [16] | Case control | 2004-2007 | 2663 | 1158 | BP medications nonadherence | 2.45 | 1.738-3.454 | Uncontrolled SBP | Age >55 years old | 1.666 | 1.376-2.017 | African-American race | 1.558 | 1.272-1.908 | Triglycerides (moderate risk) | 1.49 | 1.164-1.907 | Blood glucose | 2.107 | 1.171-3.791 | 607 | Age >55 years old | 0.461 | 0.367-0.579 | Uncontrolled DBP | African-American race | 2.173 | 1.708-2.765 | Gender (male) | 1.953 | 1.543-2.472 | BP medications nonadherence | 2.242 | 1.580-3.183 | History of atrial fibrillation | 0.477 | 0.242-0.938 | Smoker | 1.376 | 1.029-1.842 |
| Bhatt et al. (2016) [17] | Cohort | January 2003-October 2007 | 30018 | 5587 | Atrial fibrillation | 1.87 | 1.59-2.21 | Uncontrolled SBP |
| Ofedal et al. (2018) | Cohort | September 2010-August 2015 | 385 | 104 | Age | 2.22 | 1.27-3.89 | Uncontrolled BP | BMI | 1.14 | 1.08-1.20 | Obesity | 2.65 | 1.59-4.4 | Pulse wave velocity | 1.39 | 1.21-1.159 | Carotid artery plaque | 5 | 2.06-12.15 | Metabolic syndrome | 2.06 | 1.25-3.42 | Diabetes | 2.34 | 1.21-4.53 | Number of antihypertensive drug | 1.83 | 1.46-2.30 | HDL cholesterol | 0.51 | 0.31-0.84 | Triglycerides | 1.45 | 1.14-1.86 | Fasting blood glucose | 1.26 | 1.07-1.49 | HbA1c | 1.47 | 1.08-2.01 |
|
|
NE: not explained; BP: blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
|