The Modifiable Risk Factors of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Study characteristics.

First author (year)	Type of study	Period of research	Total subject	Total cases	Risk of factor	OR/RR	CI(95%)	Impact
Chen et al. (2018) [14]	Cohort	NE	301	166	Medication nonadherence	2.854	1.357-6.005	Uncontrolled BP
Vilaubi et al. (2018)	Cohort	January 2004-May 2005	438	269	Guideline nonadherence	1.66	1.02-2.68
Sarfo et al. (2016) [25]	Retrospective observational study	January 2012-June 2014	580	178	Stage of hypertension	1.31	1.17-1.47	Uncontrolled BP
					Use of antihypertension	1.3	1.06-1.60
Nidhinandana et al. (2014) [26]	Retrospective observational study	February 2010-January 2011	558	349	Diabetes mellitus	0.18	0.11-0.29	Uncontrolled BP
					Stage 1 of HT	0.3	0.15-0.59
					Stage 2 of HT	0.24	0.12-0.29
					Use of antihypertension	0.53	0.33-0.85
Dave et al. (2013) [16]	Case control	2004-2007	2663	1158	BP medications nonadherence	2.45	1.738-3.454	Uncontrolled SBP
					Age >55 years old	1.666	1.376-2.017
					African-American race	1.558	1.272-1.908
					Triglycerides (moderate risk)	1.49	1.164-1.907
					Blood glucose	2.107	1.171-3.791
				607	Age >55 years old	0.461	0.367-0.579	Uncontrolled DBP
					African-American race	2.173	1.708-2.765
					Gender (male)	1.953	1.543-2.472
					BP medications nonadherence	2.242	1.580-3.183
					History of atrial fibrillation	0.477	0.242-0.938
					Smoker	1.376	1.029-1.842
Bhatt et al. (2016) [17]	Cohort	January 2003-October 2007	30018	5587	Atrial fibrillation	1.87	1.59-2.21	Uncontrolled SBP
Ofedal et al. (2018)	Cohort	September 2010-August 2015	385	104	Age	2.22	1.27-3.89	Uncontrolled BP
					BMI	1.14	1.08-1.20
					Obesity	2.65	1.59-4.4
					Pulse wave velocity	1.39	1.21-1.159
					Carotid artery plaque	5	2.06-12.15
					Metabolic syndrome	2.06	1.25-3.42
					Diabetes	2.34	1.21-4.53
					Number of antihypertensive drug	1.83	1.46-2.30
					HDL cholesterol	0.51	0.31-0.84
					Triglycerides	1.45	1.14-1.86
					Fasting blood glucose	1.26	1.07-1.49
					HbA1c	1.47	1.08-2.01

NE: not explained; BP: blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.