Magnitude and Predictors of In-Hospital Stroke Mortality in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included studies.

	Author/year	Area	Design	Period	Sample size	M/F	Mean age (median)	Mortality	Factors reported	Causes of death
1	Abdella et al. 2020 [58]	Amhara	R	2015-2017	151	75/76	65	9.27	Aspiration pneumonia, admission swallow test, incontinence, mental status, increased ICP, sex, length of hospital stay	Increased ICP, sepsis, others
2	Asefa and Beyene [59]	Oromia	R	2015-2017	367	234/133	NR	37.37	Age, sex	NR
3	Asgedom et al. 2020 [60]	Tigray	R	2018-2019	216	90/126	61.2	22.22	Sex, age, region, residence, BP at admission cholesterol level, RBS, creatinine, potassium, EF, GCS, type of stroke, history of previous stroke, time to hospital arrival, comorbidity, medication at admission, antihypertensive drugs, statins use, anticoagulant use, hospital stay	NR
4	Asres et al. 2020 [61]	AA	R	2015-2018	170	97/73	52.49	20.0	NR	Aspiration pneumonia HF, increased ICP, ARDS
5	Baye et al. 2020 [62]	Amhara	R	2012-2018	448	188/260	63.9	12.5	NR	NR
6	Deresse et al. 2015 [63]	South	P	2013-2014	163	108/55	53.1	14.72	Sex, mental status, seizure, NIHSS, time from onset of stroke to admission, stroke types	Increased ICP, aspiration pneumonia, refractory status epilepticus
7	Erkabu et al. 2018 [64]	Amhara	R	2014-2016	303	191/112	NR	10.56	NR	NR
8	Fekadu et al. 2019 [65]	Oromia	P	2017	116	73/43	55.1	21.55	GCS, NIHSS, incontinence, mental status, means of stroke diagnosis, type of the stroke brain edema complication, swallowing difficulty, aspiration pneumonia complication, previous history of medication	Increased ICP, aspiration pneumonia, IHD, ICH, stroke, refractory status epileptics, hypertensive encephalopathy, renal/hepatic diseases, other
9	Fekadu et al. 2020 [66]	Oromia	R	2013-2017	364	208/156	59.66	6.04	NR	NR
10	Gebremariam et al. 2016 [67]	Tigray	R	2012-2014	142	77/65	62.8	11.97	NR	NR
11	Gebreyohannes et al. 2019 [68]	Amhara	R	2012-2016	208	88/120	65.17	12.5	Vascular disease, VHD, infection, hematocrit, SGOT, BUN, serum creatinine, GCS, statin use, warfarin use, hemorrhagic transformation	Aspiration pneumonia, HAP, UTI, bed sore, hemiplegia/hemiparesis
12	Gedefa et al. 2017 [69]	AA	R	2015-2016	163	92/71	57.5	30.06	NR	NR
13	Greffie et al. 2015 [70]	Amhara	R	2010-2013	98	46/52	68	13.26	NR	Aspiration pneumonia, increased ICP, unknown
14	Kefale et al. 2020 [71]	Oromia	R	2016-2019	111	55/56	63.36	16.22	NR	NR
15	Mamushet et al. 2015 [72]	AA	P	2008-2009	71	43/28	52.76	23.94	Age, sex, delay in admission, length of hospital stays, GCS, types of stroke, complications	NR
16	Mulugeta et al. 2020 [73]	Amhara	R	2017-2019	162	75/87	60	8.64	NR	NR
17	Sultan et al. 2017 [74]	AA	R	2010-2014	301	128/123	55	19.26	NR	NR
18	Mengesha 2018 [75]	AA	R	2001-2012	52	29/23	45.3	34.61	NR	NR
19	Zewde et al. 2019 [76]	AA	P	2015-2016	103	66/37	55.5	11.65	Age, gender, admission blood glucose level, type of stroke, NIHSS	NR

All the studies were cross sectional studies; the P and R in the design column represent the prospective and retrospective nature of these studies, respectively. The M/F column shows the number of males and female patients in the study. The age column described the mean age of participants, unless starred with which represents median age. AA: Addis Ababa; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; EF: ejection fraction; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; HAP: hospital-acquired pneumonia; HF: heart failure; ICH: intracranial hemorrhage; ICP: intracranial pressure; IHD: ischemic heart disease; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; NR: not reported; RBS: random blood sugar; SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; UTI: urinary tract infections; VHD: valvular heart disease.