Study on the Optimal Number of Transducers for Pipe Flow Rate Measurement Downstream of a Single Elbow Using the Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Method

<table>Transmission ratio of ultrasound from carbon steel to water versus the incident angle of ultrasound wave into carbon steel plate. (<svg height="15.6875" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.1625 15.6875" width="22.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.525,15.475)"><path d="M244 607q0 -25 -15.5 -43t-37.5 -18q-19 0 -32 13t-13 35q0 21 15 41t39 20q20 0 32 -14t12 -34zM222 91q-29 -33 -79 -68t-75 -35q-13 0 -19 7.5t-6 31t10 65.5l62 253q5 26 -1 26q-21 0 -72 -43l-13 24q43 40 91 68t71 28q30 0 10 -78l-71 -274q-8 -30 3 -30
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</svg>: amplitude of incidence ultrasound, <svg height="15.6875" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.975 15.6875" width="22.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.4)"><path d="M716 28l-8 -28h-254l8 28q55 5 66 17.5t5 47.5l-30 145h-232l-74 -138q-21 -43 -11 -54.5t72 -17.5l-6 -28h-235l8 28q53 7 73.5 21t53.5 70l319 540l33 8q6 -43 33 -176l80 -381q10 -49 26.5 -63t72.5 -19zM495 281l-49 264h-2l-149 -264h200z" id="x1D434"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.525,15.475)"><path d="M324 430l-26 -36l-112 -4l-55 -265q-13 -66 7 -66q13 0 44.5 20t50.5 40l17 -24q-38 -40 -85.5 -73.5t-87.5 -33.5q-50 0 -21 138l55 262h-80l-2 8l25 34h66l25 99l78 63l10 -9l-37 -153h128z" id="x1D461"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.582,15.475)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g>
</svg>: amplitude of transmission).</table>

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Study on the Optimal Number of Transducers for Pipe Flow Rate Measurement Downstream of a Single Elbow Using the Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Method 

Figure 3 | Study on the Optimal Number of Transducers for Pipe Flow Rate Measurement Downstream of a Single Elbow Using the Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Method 